Frankenstein

The Power of Frankenstein and Manfred Throughout the novel Frankenstein, author Mary Shelley clearly illustrates the moral of the story. God is the one and only creator; therefore, humans should never attempt to take His place. Literary critic Marilyn Butler sums up that we aren’t to tamper with creation in her comment: â€Å"Don’t usurp God’s prerogative in the Creation-game, or don’t get too clever with technology† (302). Butler warns that as humans, we should never assume the position of God. As Victor Frankenstein takes advantage of his deep scientific knowledge, he is punished for taking his experimenting too far.The novel opens as Victor Frankenstein recalls his curiosity and fascination with human life. Frankenstein quickly becomes obsessed with experimenting, and he attempts to create a living being out of dead body parts. He succeeds, but his creation turns into a living monster. Exclaimed by Frankenstein, â€Å"It was the secrets of heave n and earth that I desired to learn† (Shelley 33). Victor is extremely horrified by his grotesque looking creation and falls into a severe illness. While Victor is ill, the monster escapes to the woods where he watches a family and tries to befriend the humans.But once the monster makes his presence known, the family can’t accept Frankenstein’s ugly appearance. Because all humans he encountered reject him, the monster begins to hate people and believe that they are his enemies. Frustrated, the monster returns to his creator and demands that Frankenstein makes a female companion to cure his loneliness. The creature promises Victor that he will leave with his female companion, travel to South America, and never come in contact with humans again. However, two years beforehand, the creature spitefully murdered Victor's brother William to get back at him.Holding a grudge against his monster creation for the death of William, Victor refuses to make a friend for the mon ster. In an effort to make Victor as miserable as himself, the monster seeks revenge on his creator. The monster takes his frustration out on everything and everyone dear to Victor, and murders of Frankenstein’s family and friends. The remainder of the novel revolves around the struggles Victor Frankenstein encounters as he attempts to escape from the mess of a vengeful monster he has made.The moral of the story doesn’t simply stress that God is the only Creator, but it also emphasizes the responsibility we need to take for our actions. Humans all make mistakes, but we are all held accountable. Victor Frankenstein creates this monster and then runs away from the disaster he makes. Similarly, parents are responsible for the children they have, even if the pregnancy wasn’t desired. Frankenstein creates a monster he doesn’t want, but he is still responsible to take care of his mistake, which he fails to do. Victor Frankenstein expresses: â€Å"It was a stro ng effort of the spirit of good, but it was ineffectual.Destiny was too potent, and her immutable laws had decreed my utter and terrible destruction† (Shelley 38). Victor describes his intention to create as a good intent, but because the monster he created was sinful, his effort was useless. Victor is quick to blame his terrible creation on destiny saying that he was only trying to do honorable actions, but they weren’t successful. Though the message of the story is apparent, the antagonist and protagonist of the story can’t be as clearly identified. In the beginning of the novel, Victor Frankenstein is the bad guy for creating his monster and not caring for it.However some readers may say that as the story develops, the monster turns into the antagonist. The monster is searching for ways to make his creator unhappy. The monster’s god is Victor, he doesn’t know of any higher power. The monster learns to be evil and vengeful as he observes the human s, so he acts upon what he sees. Clearly, the monster’s sins such as murder are deliberate. The monster, however, wasn’t taught how to behave appropriately in situations. As we are commanded in the book of Romans, we are not to take revenge: â€Å"Do not take revenge, my dear friends, but leave room for God’s wrath† (Revelation 12:19).Though I am a firm believer that we are to follow God’s commands, I believe that the true antagonist of the story is Victor Frankenstein. Victor is the creator of this evil being, thus he is responsible for the neglect and actions of his monster. It is inevitable that a time comes for parents to let their children branch out to make their own decisions. Parents cannot be held fully accountable for their children’s mistakes, but they are accountable for the foundation on which they raised their children. Victor is very responsible for the monster’s decisions because Victor failed to give him a fair founda tion.Running from his sins, Victor Frankenstein is responsible for all of his personal actions and most of the actions of the monster he chose to create. Victor dangerously messes with God’s job of creating. Once he makes this creature, he should have taken responsibility for the life he brought into the world. Because the creature isn’t nurtured, taught, and loved, I believe that all of his later sinful acts of revenge are a direct reflection of him being neglected. The monster does not create himself, or chose to be neglected, so he shouldn’t be responsible for most of his behaviors.In today’s society, everyone is held accountable for their actions, no matter what background or family situation they come from. Sometimes, we are unfairly held accountable for our wrongdoings even if weren’t provided with the resources to make better decisions. Generally, in situations such as in the classroom or social conditions, children and adults who haven†™t had teaching and advantages given to them aren’t held as highly accountable for their actions. This is a similar situation to Frankenstein and the monster he regrettably made.I believe that Frankenstein should be held more highly accountable for his mistakes. The monster was never taught how to behave as he grew up, which wasn’t his fault. Living in the woods and being able to observe how humans should acceptably behave, he should be held partially accountable for his actions. I have come to understand that we are held accountable for what we know. Victor Frankenstein was an educated man who knew better than to tamper with the creation of life. There is no excuse for the mistake he made and didn’t assume responsibility. Victor Frankenstein is more of a monster than the monster he created.Evil is at the heart of the story as expressed by critic George Levine: â€Å"In gothic fiction, but more particularly in Frankenstein, evil is both positively present and largely inexplicable. † The monsters evil nature is inexplicable. As he was never nurtured and taught manners, the monster was also never taught to be evil. The monster chose to act on his evil emotions, which isn’t easily identified. At the end of the novel in an effort to destroy humans, especially his creator, the monster kills Victor Frankenstein’s brother, William, when he sees him in the woods.The monster also kills Victor’s love, Elizabeth. The monster is a prisoner to this state of a lonely life. He couldn’t help the way he was born into the world and left to fend for himself. He could have, however, chose to act differently on his angry emotions. Initially, Victor thought that he could escape this misery and get rid of the monster if he made a female. After more careful thought, Victor was worried that he will create a whole family of monsters who would take over the world. The scientist refuses to get himself into even more of a mess.It d oes appear that Victor learned from his mistake, but it seems to be too late. Victor is being spiteful in refusing to make the monster a companion. Though Victor still refuses to take responsibility for the one monster he already created, he is smart enough to acknowledge the tragedy that would come from creation of another. The novel Frankenstein shows close relation to Lord Byron’s play Manfred. Mary Shelly used Byron’s poem as an inspiration for her novel as both stories exhibit man’s struggles with the supernatural.Byron opens his dramatic poem with Manfred pondering his guilty conscience. Manfred conjures up seven spirits: earth, ocean, air, night, mountains, winds, and the star, but none of them grant him the wish of forgetting the thoughts that race through his mind. Under the cast of a spell, he then pursues his own death, but is not given his wish of death. As Manfred stands on the edge of a cliff, he contemplates suicide: I feel the impulse Yet I do no t plunge; I see the peril Yet do not recede; And my brain reels And yet my foot is firm. (1. 2. 280-283)Death doesn’t take Manfred because it wasn’t his time. Full of depression about his onetime lover, Astarte, and the suicide of his dear sister, Manfred doesn’t know what to do. He refuses relief from the different spirits and also rejects religion. The Abbot shows up to Manfred to save his soul, but Manfred declines: â€Å"Manfred believes himself to be above his fellow mortals but he is not fit for the life of an immortal, either. To him, there is only one option for such a conflicted soul: death† (Warren). Manfred refuses to stoop down low enough to allow a mortal to help him.Mary Shelley and Lord Byron both exhibit the danger of tampering with the power of God. Lord Byron writes: â€Å"Sorrow is Knowledge: they who know the most/ Must mourn the deepest o’er the fatal truth, / The Tree of Knowledge is not that of Life† (1. 10-12). I int erpret these lines to sum up that we shouldn’t mess with the knowledge that we have, because it doesn’t reap good things, or life. Victor Frankenstein certainly took his knowledge of science to a level beyond his place, and his knowledge brought about disaster life. Lord Byron also creates a character that takes too much control and acts in Gods position.Filled with guilt, Manfred tries to seize the power of God and decide his own time for death. That isn’t our position or our calling, only God’s. Victor Frankenstein tries to assume the position of God by creating life. Similarly, Manfred tries to assume the position of God by deciding when to end life. Refusing the Abbot’s help, Manfred turns from religion. Both characters acted as if their own power was above everyone else and God. Victor thought he was good enough to take God’s place of creating while Manfred thought he was too good to accept God’s gift of salvation.Both Shelley an d Byron paint a clear picture of the consequences that come from attempting to take God’s power and position. Works Cited Butler, Marilyn. â€Å"Frankenstein and Radical Science. † Shelly 302. Byron, Lord. Manfred. Vol. XVIII, Part 6. The Harvard Classics. New York: P. F. Collier ; Son, 1909-14: Bartleby. com, 2001. www. bartleby. com/18/6/. [September 26, 2012]. Levine, George. â€Å"Frankenstein and the Tradition of Realism. † Shelly 209. Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus. Ed. Simon ; Brown. 1818. Warren, Ashley. â€Å"Association of Young Journalists And Writers. † UniversalJournal AYJW. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. Frankenstein Raphael Porras Tabula Rasa Theory: Frankenstein’s Creature The nature versus nurture debate has been an ongoing issue in Psychology. It centres on whether a person's behaviour is a product of his or her genes or the person's environment and surroundings. Some well-known thinkers such as Plato and Descartes proposed that certain things are inherited and innate or that they simply occur naturally regardless of human influences. On the other hand, other philosophers such as John Locke believed in what is known as the tabula rasa.It is a theory which suggests the human mind begins as a â€Å"white paper void of all characters without any ideas,† (Gerrig et al. 51-57). This theory is what  Mary Shelley's Frankenstein revolves on as one researcher suggests that this notion of tabula rasa is what Shelley's account of the Creature's development seems to hold (Higgins 61). By considering this concept, where all humans start as a â€Å"blank slate,† as reflected in the c haracter development of the Creature and narrative style being used in the story, one can see that the person’s environment plays a big role in moulding a person's attitude and behaviour.This is noteworthy because the creature started his life as an innocent and naive person. He only became vicious and malevolent after going through harsh treatments of society. Although the Creature didn't go through childhood, he began his life like a child. He had no knowledge or idea of how the world works. â€Å"I was a poor, helpless, miserable wretch; I knew and could distinguish nothing,† he said (Shelley 129). Higgins suggests that it is significant to know that the Creature did not describe any feelings of loneliness in his early stages of life; this only begins when he encounters the De Lacey family (63).Although he had been already treated ill by people prior to meeting them, the creature have not mentioned how he felt, whether he was upset about it or not, after all, he did n’t know how to respond to any kind stimuli tossed at him. Through day to day observation of the De Lacey family, he learned various things, from reading and writing to human history and relationships. Of all the stuff he learned, there is one important aspect of life that affected him the most and that is the essence of having a family. He only started to have feelings of compassion and sympathy because of them. I saw no cause for [De Lacey’s] unhappiness; but I was deeply affected by it,† the Creature says (Shelley 136). The Creature became so attached to the family that when â€Å"they were unhappy, [he] felt depressed; when they rejoiced, [he] sympathized in their joys† (Shelley 138). To be accepted by them was a precarious moment for him but, unfortunately, he got rejected by the family whom he cared and loved. Because of this he flees to the woods, and in turn, he saves a girl who almost got drowned. Instead of being called a savior for his heroic ac t, he rather got fired and shot that almost killed him.All these catastrophic moments of rejection by mankind add up to his feelings of aversion and abhorrence. â€Å"Inflamed by pain, [he] vowed eternal hatred and vengeance to all mankind† (Shelley 166). By killing Victor’s brother, William, and several of Victor’s beloved ones, he then turns into a vicious monster as what society brands him to be right from the start. This gradual development of the Creature, from an innocent human being to an atrocious monster, perhaps rests its claim on being a good foundation to the tabula rasa theory.Another functional way that Mary Shelley uses in the novel is her application of the first person narrative of the Creature. It is effective as it enables the readers to be more involved of the activities and engagements of the monster. Although he is not the protagonist of the story, this way of narration keeps the readers close to the action and makes them understand more th e contemplations and cogitations of the Creature. This makes the readers feel as if they were part of a jury of a case where the monster is the one being prosecuted, trying to defend himself by relating his side of the story.Higgins suggests that the Creature’s narrative form has an impact on his confessional writings and rhetoric alienation (62). Through this, one can see the transformation of the monster from being like a child into becoming a cold blooded murderer. Through her portrayal of the development of the Creature and her unique style of narration, Shelley is able to picture to the reader the reality that society plays an important role in wielding a person’s attitude and behavior. Percy Shelley proposes that if you treat a person ill, he will become wicked; and if you requite affection with scorn, you impose upon him irresistible obligations – alevolence and selfishness (qtd. in Veeder 226). This, feasibly, holds true to the modern society today for n o one is born a killer unless he or she is pushed to kill someone through traumatic and disastrous life events and experiences. Works Cited Gerrig, Richard, et al. Psychology and Life. 2nd ed. Toronto: Pearson Canada, 2012. Print Higgins, David. Frankenstein: Character Studies. Cornwall: MPG Books Ltd, 2008. Print. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Eds. D. L. Macdonald, and Kathleen Scherf. Buffalo: Broadview P, 1999. Print. Veeder, William. Mary Shelley & Frankenstein. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986. Print. Frankenstein The Power of Frankenstein and Manfred Throughout the novel Frankenstein, author Mary Shelley clearly illustrates the moral of the story. God is the one and only creator; therefore, humans should never attempt to take His place. Literary critic Marilyn Butler sums up that we aren’t to tamper with creation in her comment: â€Å"Don’t usurp God’s prerogative in the Creation-game, or don’t get too clever with technology† (302). Butler warns that as humans, we should never assume the position of God. As Victor Frankenstein takes advantage of his deep scientific knowledge, he is punished for taking his experimenting too far.The novel opens as Victor Frankenstein recalls his curiosity and fascination with human life. Frankenstein quickly becomes obsessed with experimenting, and he attempts to create a living being out of dead body parts. He succeeds, but his creation turns into a living monster. Exclaimed by Frankenstein, â€Å"It was the secrets of heave n and earth that I desired to learn† (Shelley 33). Victor is extremely horrified by his grotesque looking creation and falls into a severe illness. While Victor is ill, the monster escapes to the woods where he watches a family and tries to befriend the humans.But once the monster makes his presence known, the family can’t accept Frankenstein’s ugly appearance. Because all humans he encountered reject him, the monster begins to hate people and believe that they are his enemies. Frustrated, the monster returns to his creator and demands that Frankenstein makes a female companion to cure his loneliness. The creature promises Victor that he will leave with his female companion, travel to South America, and never come in contact with humans again. However, two years beforehand, the creature spitefully murdered Victor's brother William to get back at him.Holding a grudge against his monster creation for the death of William, Victor refuses to make a friend for the mon ster. In an effort to make Victor as miserable as himself, the monster seeks revenge on his creator. The monster takes his frustration out on everything and everyone dear to Victor, and murders of Frankenstein’s family and friends. The remainder of the novel revolves around the struggles Victor Frankenstein encounters as he attempts to escape from the mess of a vengeful monster he has made.The moral of the story doesn’t simply stress that God is the only Creator, but it also emphasizes the responsibility we need to take for our actions. Humans all make mistakes, but we are all held accountable. Victor Frankenstein creates this monster and then runs away from the disaster he makes. Similarly, parents are responsible for the children they have, even if the pregnancy wasn’t desired. Frankenstein creates a monster he doesn’t want, but he is still responsible to take care of his mistake, which he fails to do. Victor Frankenstein expresses: â€Å"It was a stro ng effort of the spirit of good, but it was ineffectual.Destiny was too potent, and her immutable laws had decreed my utter and terrible destruction† (Shelley 38). Victor describes his intention to create as a good intent, but because the monster he created was sinful, his effort was useless. Victor is quick to blame his terrible creation on destiny saying that he was only trying to do honorable actions, but they weren’t successful. Though the message of the story is apparent, the antagonist and protagonist of the story can’t be as clearly identified. In the beginning of the novel, Victor Frankenstein is the bad guy for creating his monster and not caring for it.However some readers may say that as the story develops, the monster turns into the antagonist. The monster is searching for ways to make his creator unhappy. The monster’s god is Victor, he doesn’t know of any higher power. The monster learns to be evil and vengeful as he observes the human s, so he acts upon what he sees. Clearly, the monster’s sins such as murder are deliberate. The monster, however, wasn’t taught how to behave appropriately in situations. As we are commanded in the book of Romans, we are not to take revenge: â€Å"Do not take revenge, my dear friends, but leave room for God’s wrath† (Revelation 12:19).Though I am a firm believer that we are to follow God’s commands, I believe that the true antagonist of the story is Victor Frankenstein. Victor is the creator of this evil being, thus he is responsible for the neglect and actions of his monster. It is inevitable that a time comes for parents to let their children branch out to make their own decisions. Parents cannot be held fully accountable for their children’s mistakes, but they are accountable for the foundation on which they raised their children. Victor is very responsible for the monster’s decisions because Victor failed to give him a fair founda tion.Running from his sins, Victor Frankenstein is responsible for all of his personal actions and most of the actions of the monster he chose to create. Victor dangerously messes with God’s job of creating. Once he makes this creature, he should have taken responsibility for the life he brought into the world. Because the creature isn’t nurtured, taught, and loved, I believe that all of his later sinful acts of revenge are a direct reflection of him being neglected. The monster does not create himself, or chose to be neglected, so he shouldn’t be responsible for most of his behaviors.In today’s society, everyone is held accountable for their actions, no matter what background or family situation they come from. Sometimes, we are unfairly held accountable for our wrongdoings even if weren’t provided with the resources to make better decisions. Generally, in situations such as in the classroom or social conditions, children and adults who haven†™t had teaching and advantages given to them aren’t held as highly accountable for their actions. This is a similar situation to Frankenstein and the monster he regrettably made.I believe that Frankenstein should be held more highly accountable for his mistakes. The monster was never taught how to behave as he grew up, which wasn’t his fault. Living in the woods and being able to observe how humans should acceptably behave, he should be held partially accountable for his actions. I have come to understand that we are held accountable for what we know. Victor Frankenstein was an educated man who knew better than to tamper with the creation of life. There is no excuse for the mistake he made and didn’t assume responsibility. Victor Frankenstein is more of a monster than the monster he created.Evil is at the heart of the story as expressed by critic George Levine: â€Å"In gothic fiction, but more particularly in Frankenstein, evil is both positively present and largely inexplicable. † The monsters evil nature is inexplicable. As he was never nurtured and taught manners, the monster was also never taught to be evil. The monster chose to act on his evil emotions, which isn’t easily identified. At the end of the novel in an effort to destroy humans, especially his creator, the monster kills Victor Frankenstein’s brother, William, when he sees him in the woods.The monster also kills Victor’s love, Elizabeth. The monster is a prisoner to this state of a lonely life. He couldn’t help the way he was born into the world and left to fend for himself. He could have, however, chose to act differently on his angry emotions. Initially, Victor thought that he could escape this misery and get rid of the monster if he made a female. After more careful thought, Victor was worried that he will create a whole family of monsters who would take over the world. The scientist refuses to get himself into even more of a mess.It d oes appear that Victor learned from his mistake, but it seems to be too late. Victor is being spiteful in refusing to make the monster a companion. Though Victor still refuses to take responsibility for the one monster he already created, he is smart enough to acknowledge the tragedy that would come from creation of another. The novel Frankenstein shows close relation to Lord Byron’s play Manfred. Mary Shelly used Byron’s poem as an inspiration for her novel as both stories exhibit man’s struggles with the supernatural.Byron opens his dramatic poem with Manfred pondering his guilty conscience. Manfred conjures up seven spirits: earth, ocean, air, night, mountains, winds, and the star, but none of them grant him the wish of forgetting the thoughts that race through his mind. Under the cast of a spell, he then pursues his own death, but is not given his wish of death. As Manfred stands on the edge of a cliff, he contemplates suicide: I feel the impulse Yet I do no t plunge; I see the peril Yet do not recede; And my brain reels And yet my foot is firm. (1. 2. 280-283)Death doesn’t take Manfred because it wasn’t his time. Full of depression about his onetime lover, Astarte, and the suicide of his dear sister, Manfred doesn’t know what to do. He refuses relief from the different spirits and also rejects religion. The Abbot shows up to Manfred to save his soul, but Manfred declines: â€Å"Manfred believes himself to be above his fellow mortals but he is not fit for the life of an immortal, either. To him, there is only one option for such a conflicted soul: death† (Warren). Manfred refuses to stoop down low enough to allow a mortal to help him.Mary Shelley and Lord Byron both exhibit the danger of tampering with the power of God. Lord Byron writes: â€Å"Sorrow is Knowledge: they who know the most/ Must mourn the deepest o’er the fatal truth, / The Tree of Knowledge is not that of Life† (1. 10-12). I int erpret these lines to sum up that we shouldn’t mess with the knowledge that we have, because it doesn’t reap good things, or life. Victor Frankenstein certainly took his knowledge of science to a level beyond his place, and his knowledge brought about disaster life. Lord Byron also creates a character that takes too much control and acts in Gods position.Filled with guilt, Manfred tries to seize the power of God and decide his own time for death. That isn’t our position or our calling, only God’s. Victor Frankenstein tries to assume the position of God by creating life. Similarly, Manfred tries to assume the position of God by deciding when to end life. Refusing the Abbot’s help, Manfred turns from religion. Both characters acted as if their own power was above everyone else and God. Victor thought he was good enough to take God’s place of creating while Manfred thought he was too good to accept God’s gift of salvation.Both Shelley an d Byron paint a clear picture of the consequences that come from attempting to take God’s power and position. Works Cited Butler, Marilyn. â€Å"Frankenstein and Radical Science. † Shelly 302. Byron, Lord. Manfred. Vol. XVIII, Part 6. The Harvard Classics. New York: P. F. Collier ; Son, 1909-14: Bartleby. com, 2001. www. bartleby. com/18/6/. [September 26, 2012]. Levine, George. â€Å"Frankenstein and the Tradition of Realism. † Shelly 209. Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus. Ed. Simon ; Brown. 1818. Warren, Ashley. â€Å"Association of Young Journalists And Writers. † UniversalJournal AYJW. Web. 29 Oct. 2012.

Nursing image analysis

When answering the question whose image in the world literature, movies or TV is the most popular there are no many people whom the image of the nurse would occur to. The image of the nurse is, generally, referred to so-called secondary characters. Their activities aren’t so well-seen as, for example, policeman or physician’s ones. A nurse accomplishes with another kind of work in the course of which she is suggested to help someone, to be a support for patients, a right hand for physicians. That is a kind of profession not very popular one but everyone can have needs of. A wide range of books, movies, TV programs have created various interpretations of the nurse’s images. It would be interesting to distinguish the most general and common traits of their character.In order to learn the relationships between nurses and other characters, for example, physicians whether who of them takes control of the whole situation that’s enough to look through a movie or read over any scene which nurse takes place in. Nurse is almost always silent. Her or his activities are rather reduced and consist in a noiseless accomplishment of his/her duties.A physician who is suggested to be more educated and responsible always directs the situation and a nurse is practically always a subordinate person. But speaking about understanding of the patient’s needs the situation can be different. The physician gets opinion as to the patient’s needs according to his knowledge and professional experiences. A nurse understands patient’s requirements basing on her/his     first-hand and continuous communication with this patient. Here takes place mutual immediate understanding between nurse and patient which is not less important for the latest than the physician’s interference.Regarding being nurse a man or woman the answer is clear. Being a nurse is always associated with being a woman. Due to its natural traits women are more open-hea rted and compassionate than men. Therefore, the profession of the nurse matches women much more than men. Though, exceptions are present here too. For example, non-stereotypical Philadelphia nurse Keynan Hobbs has won the Soap Nurse Sweepstakes for supplying the most examples of non-stereotypical soap opera mail-nurse characters.From being a woman a lot of accompanying factors appear here, e.g. age, sexual attractiveness and so on. It’s very hard to determine the average nurse’s age. They appear as young, mature and old as well. To make some difference, a nurse is represented often as a middle-aged woman whose marital status isn’t an important point. Though nurses are often lonely this detail isn’t usually very well highlighted in order to make the image free for other author’s objects.As to the characteristics of a nurse as a woman it must be said that the usage of the nurse’s image in the world wide sex industry is a very efficient one. At tractive girls in white smocks are very popular among men and there is nothing denying it. The appealing to the physical characteristics is only expressed here. But speaking about common nurse’s character out of sexual motives she is, generally, an attractive girl or woman as she has to cause positive traits in patient’s mind.As it was already mentioned the image of the nurse is first of all a secondary one. Referring this personage, from the numerous movies with nurse’s participation, the spectator, basically, remembers only white smock and tray with medicines. Of course, there are exclusions when the image of the nurse expands and the author makes a nurse its protagonist providing her with all the armory of positive or negative traits. But to say truth, nurses are depicted as negative characters only in cheap thrillers. The classical nurse personages are beneficent and warm-hearted.The profession of nears means love and understanding. Their personal traits are more than normal and socially-accepted. The colorful example of â€Å"The English Patient† by Anthony Minghella proves that. A French-Canadian nurse, Hana, has gathered in herself all those features so characteristic for the image of the nurse. Michael Ondaatje (1996): â€Å"She reads to her patient, but is not sure whether or not he listens.The nurse spends much of her time gardening, growing enough vegetables for them to eat, to trade a little, and to survive. They inhabit a bombed-out villa. In many parts, rain falls freely into the house. The German army had occupied the house and has left mines throughout. The nurse knows these dangers but does not pay much attention to them. She is only twenty years old and enjoys sleeping in the library, with its view of the night sky.†(n.p.).That’s one of the classical images of the nurse in the world art.The values nurse’s image usually provides are and must be classified as human and sympathizer and condolatory . Of course, we aren’t to forget about the classical situation from the movies and detective stories when using a nurse to kill someone being in a hospital as a result of criminal affairs. Lately, a great deal of thrillers and other similar products can boast with the creation of the new image of a nurse-killer. But that’s not enough to state this image as one of the significant.Concerning the career ambitions the profession of a nurse isn’t a convenient one to be discussed here. Actually, the career of a nurse doesn’t provide a colorful perspective. Due to this a nurse is suggested to be an altruist person. For the majority of nurses portrayed anywhere the career isn’t a focus of effort. They are rather devoting themselves to a good professional accomplishment of their obligations. And that’s one of the main particularities that differs nurses form the rest of personages. She is a typical background personage and ambitions about career aren ’t characteristic for her.The above mentioned characteristics are proper of the majority of the described nurse’s images. Of course, human fantasy have created a lot of different versions of this character all over its history but those above are the most common traits as to the nurse.   Taking into consideration all mentioned above, it’s necessary to make a conclusion that the nurse’s image in the modern art is, primarily, a secondary one with rather vivaciously expressed positive traits. This image has changed a little all over the times due to its constant and well-aimed character. The image of a kind, easygoing woman in white smock promises to keep on appearing in masterpieces of the future art.Bibliography.1.   Ondaatje, M. (1996).The English Patient. SparkNotes, Today’s most popular study guides from Barnes&Noble , chapter 1. Retrieved September 25, 2005, from    http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/englishpatient/section1.html Nursing image analysis When answering the question whose image in the world literature, movies or TV is the most popular there are no many people whom the image of the nurse would occur to. The image of the nurse is, generally, referred to so-called secondary characters. Their activities aren’t so well-seen as, for example, policeman or physician’s ones. A nurse accomplishes with another kind of work in the course of which she is suggested to help someone, to be a support for patients, a right hand for physicians. That is a kind of profession not very popular one but everyone can have needs of. A wide range of books, movies, TV programs have created various interpretations of the nurse’s images. It would be interesting to distinguish the most general and common traits of their character.In order to learn the relationships between nurses and other characters, for example, physicians whether who of them takes control of the whole situation that’s enough to look through a movie or read over any scene which nurse takes place in. Nurse is almost always silent. Her or his activities are rather reduced and consist in a noiseless accomplishment of his/her duties.A physician who is suggested to be more educated and responsible always directs the situation and a nurse is practically always a subordinate person. But speaking about understanding of the patient’s needs the situation can be different. The physician gets opinion as to the patient’s needs according to his knowledge and professional experiences. A nurse understands patient’s requirements basing on her/his     first-hand and continuous communication with this patient. Here takes place mutual immediate understanding between nurse and patient which is not less important for the latest than the physician’s interference.Regarding being nurse a man or woman the answer is clear. Being a nurse is always associated with being a woman. Due to its natural traits women are more open-hea rted and compassionate than men. Therefore, the profession of the nurse matches women much more than men. Though, exceptions are present here too. For example, non-stereotypical Philadelphia nurse Keynan Hobbs has won the Soap Nurse Sweepstakes for supplying the most examples of non-stereotypical soap opera mail-nurse characters.From being a woman a lot of accompanying factors appear here, e.g. age, sexual attractiveness and so on. It’s very hard to determine the average nurse’s age. They appear as young, mature and old as well. To make some difference, a nurse is represented often as a middle-aged woman whose marital status isn’t an important point. Though nurses are often lonely this detail isn’t usually very well highlighted in order to make the image free for other author’s objects.As to the characteristics of a nurse as a woman it must be said that the usage of the nurse’s image in the world wide sex industry is a very efficient one. At tractive girls in white smocks are very popular among men and there is nothing denying it. The appealing to the physical characteristics is only expressed here. But speaking about common nurse’s character out of sexual motives she is, generally, an attractive girl or woman as she has to cause positive traits in patient’s mind.As it was already mentioned the image of the nurse is first of all a secondary one. Referring this personage, from the numerous movies with nurse’s participation, the spectator, basically, remembers only white smock and tray with medicines. Of course, there are exclusions when the image of the nurse expands and the author makes a nurse its protagonist providing her with all the armory of positive or negative traits. But to say truth, nurses are depicted as negative characters only in cheap thrillers.The classical nurse personages are beneficent and warm-hearted. The profession of nears means love and understanding. Their personal traits are more than normal and socially-accepted. The colorful example of â€Å"The English Patient† by Anthony Minghella proves that. A French-Canadian nurse, Hana, has gathered in herself all those features so characteristic for the image of the nurse. Michael Ondaatje (1996): â€Å"She reads to her patient, but is not sure whether or not he listens.The nurse spends much of her time gardening, growing enough vegetables for them to eat, to trade a little, and to survive. They inhabit a bombed-out villa. In many parts, rain falls freely into the house. The German army had occupied the house and has left mines throughout. The nurse knows these dangers but does not pay much attention to them. She is only twenty years old and enjoys sleeping in the library, with its view of the night sky.†(n.p.).That’s one of the classical images of the nurse in the world art.The values nurse’s image usually provides are and must be classified as human and sympathizer and condolatory . Of course, we aren’t to forget about the classical situation from the movies and detective stories when using a nurse to kill someone being in a hospital as a result of criminal affairs. Lately, a great deal of thrillers and other similar products can boast with the creation of the new image of a nurse-killer. But that’s not enough to state this image as one of the significant.Concerning the career ambitions the profession of a nurse isn’t a convenient one to be discussed here. Actually, the career of a nurse doesn’t provide a colorful perspective. Due to this a nurse is suggested to be an altruist person. For the majority of nurses portrayed anywhere the career isn’t a focus of effort. They are rather devoting themselves to a good professional accomplishment of their obligations. And that’s one of the main particularities that differs nurses form the rest of personages. She is a typical background personage and ambitions about career aren ’t characteristic for her.The above mentioned characteristics are proper of the majority of the described nurse’s images. Of course, human fantasy have created a lot of different versions of this character all over its history but those above are the most common traits as to the nurse.   Taking into consideration all mentioned above, it’s necessary to make a conclusion that the nurse’s image in the modern art is, primarily, a secondary one with rather vivaciously expressed positive traits. This image has changed a little all over the times due to its constant and well-aimed character. The image of a kind, easygoing woman in white smock promises to keep on appearing in masterpieces of the future art.Bibliography.1.   Ondaatje, M. (1996).The English Patient. SparkNotes, Today’s most popular study guides from Barnes&Noble , chapter 1. Retrieved September 25, 2005, from  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/englishpatient/section1.html

Air Asia Essay Essay

Question : How would you describe Fernandes’ entrepreneurial strategy? 1. General. Tony Fernandes was a risk taker; he bought his airline without prior knowledge about aviation as well as firsthand experience with the airline industry. He said in one of the interviews, â€Å"Go with your gut, give it your best bet and you may fail, but don’t give up† (INSEAD Knowledge, 2007). This statement shows the type of the person that he is. He is an independently-minded person who knows when to trust his gut. With his marketing and entrepreneurial ability, he was able to make his dream come true. Dato’ Sri Anthony Francis Fernandes – founder CEO of AirAsia 2. Entrepreneurial Strategies of Tony Fernandes. a. A good grasp of finance.Fernandes is an accountant by training and good at numbers. Educated at the London School of Economics, from 1987 to 1989 he worked as the financial controller of British tycoon Richard Branson’s Virgin Records in London. He got a good understanding of accounting and finance (Flores, 2013). b. Taking Care of Key Assets. One of Fernandes’ strengths is his caring for and nurturing good employees. He sees people as the â€Å"key asset† of any business and hopes to help develop their full potential, passions and dreams. His business offices have no walls and he seeks ideas from his staff (Speaker Ideas, n.d.). c. Steady Branding Strategy.Tony Fernandes said it took him seven years to consciously and consistently build up the AirAsia brand name and logo as distinct and internationally known (Times Internet Limited., 2014) . d. Efficient Marketing Strategy. Tony Fernandes invests in and excels in marketing. He said: â€Å"If you have a great product but no one knows about it, its history† (Flores, 2013). e. Use of Digital Technology. Fernandes believes in using digital technology for his businesses. Much of his business comes from AirAsia.com. It is part of his clever marketing strategy to make passengers discover and enjoy his website (Flores, 2013). f. Bold Vision. Tony Fernandes has a bold, global and long-range vision for his various companies. As a child, he dreamt of three things: running an airline, owning an English football club and owning a Formula One racing team (Harvey, 2012). 3. Conclusion.From the above review of the entrepreneurial strategy  of Tony Fanandes, it seems that Fernandes was very much a risk taking entrepreneur. However, the success story of Air Asia clearly reflects his skill in managing the company that revived Air Asia from its ashes. On the whole, Tony Farnandes should be an example in the history of entrepreneurship. †¢How should AirAsia respond to the challenges posed by (a) New low-fare carriers entering the Asian marketplace and (b) Low-fare strategies pursued by incumbent carriers? How would you characterize the competitive dynamics in this market? 1.For both cases, it would require Air Asia to give the best possible service at the best possible price. They should innovate and come up with new ground and in-flight services to differentiate themselves from other low-cost airlines. Air Asia should review their customer feedback and customer service parameters to effectively match the customers’ views and opinions to the services they offer. They can also introduce new concepts and enhancements to their brand of service. They must work to earn a reputation (for efficiency, punctuality, and safety) so that they could compete in terms of price and quality with the low-fare strategies pursued by incumbent carriers (Flores, 2013). 2.The best way for Air Asia to gain an edge over other budget carriers is focus on the quality of service. This includes ground services, in-flight services and on-time performance plus of course, aircraft safety which some budget carriers simply seem to flout. In addition to upping its safety and service standards, Air Asia should also chop out routes that are not as popular while increasing frequencies between airports that witness a heavy demand (Papars, n.d.). †¢How do you think the Asian passenger air transport marketplace will shake out? What lessons can be drawn from the North American and European experience? 1. The Asian passenger air transport marketplace will shake out when Asian governments impose strict regulations in the airline industries that prevent competition from flourishing. There will also be shake out if the Asian economy goes through recession again; the people would not have the relatively high purchasing power they have now. 2. The lesson that can be drawn from the North American and European experience is that business models that work in North America and Europe could also be applicable in the Asian setting. The world is becoming more globalized; the mindsets of people are also changing making it easier for them to adapt business models that are applied in other parts of the world. What is your assessment of Air Asia moving beyond its historic strength in Southeast Asia to Australia, China, India, and Europe? 1. It appears Air Asia will follow a strategy of low cost strategy to convert the large train travelling populace to flying. In India and China. Particularly,in the second fiscal quarter from July to September when the Summer school vacations starts, and their resultant family trips, conclude by June in the south where Air Asia India intends to commence operations (Agarwal, 2014) . 2. For Austrailia and Europe, it’s not the fanciest airline around and the service isn’t the most dedicated, but value for your money is probably the best reason to book a flight with the Malaysian low cost carrier. Services to and from Australia and Europe are the ones with the lowest and best prices on the market. â€Å"Now everyone can fly extra long† – The AirAsia X company slogan is quite a benchmark (Cahill, 2014). WORKS CITED Agarwal, D. (2014, May 8). Opinion: AirAsia India Granted Permission, But Should Wait to Commence Flights. Retrieved from http://www.bangaloreaviation.com/: http://www.bangaloreaviation.com/2014/05/opinion-airasia-india-granted-permission-wait-commence-flights.html Cahill, J. (2014, March 25). Review: AirAsia X Premium and Economy Class. Retrieved from http://www.gotravelyourway.com: http://www.gotravelyourway.com/2014/03/25/review-airasia-x-premium-and-economy-class/#.U_ZncPldUmM Flores, W. L. (2013, December 16). 12 Success Strategies of AirAsia Boss Tony Fernandes. Retrieved from http://www.philstar.com: http://www.philstar.com/business-life/2013/12/16/1268045/12-success-strategies-airasia-boss-tony-fernandes Harvey, C. F. (2012, November 22). Tony Fernandes — â€Å"Dream The Impossible†. Retrieved from http://www.chrisfharvey.com: http://www.chrisfharvey.com/2012/11/tony-fernandes-dream-the-impossible INSEAD Knowledge. (2007, August 26). CEO view: Tony Fernandes of AirAsia. Retrieved from http://knowledge.insead.edu/: http://knowledge.insead.edu/leadership-management/strategy/ceo-view-tony-fern

Impact of alcohol on the family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact of alcohol on the family - Essay Example anxiety; to forget about difficulties or feel less disheartened; to rejoice or merely to feel happy (See Figure 1) (Understanding the relationship between alcohol and mental health, n.d., p. 5, 13). There were approximately 863,300 alcohol associated admittances to the hospital in the year range of 2007-2008. This is an augmentation of 69 percent since 2002-2003 when there were nearly 510,200 alcohol associated admittances. In 2007-2008, approximately 62 percent of alcohol associated admittances were for males. Among both males and females, there was more admittance in the older age categories in comparison to the younger age categories. In England in the year 2007, there existed 134,429 recommendation items for drugs for the rehabilitation of alcohol dependence prescribed in primary care surroundings in the community. This is an enhancement of about 31 percent since 2003 when there were 102,741 prescription components. In 2007, in England, there were about 6,541 demises directly associated with alcohol. This has grown by 19 percent since 2001. Of these alcohol associated deaths, the majority (4,249) expired due to alcoholic liver disease (Statistics on Alcohol: England, 2009, p. 8). The unfavorable impact of alcohol mistreatment on families, and its role in relations’ break-up are issues when considering the involvement of alcohol to communal exclusion. Heavy drinking is a general issue in family disintegration, and marriages where one or both associates have an alcohol problem are doubly expected to result in divorce as marriages where alcohol problems are not present. The psychological effect on children can be vast, often bringing about the development of alcohol issues later in their individual lives. The youngsters who are of 15 years of age having a problem drinking parent are likely to have 2.2 to 3.9 times more psychiatric disorder in comparison to other youngsters. The alcohol consumption has been found to higher among the teenagers who have problem

Californiaand the initiative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Californiaand the initiative - Essay Example Moreover, this era advocated for scientific approaches to decision making as well as medical and engineering solutions. During this period, major reforms were carried out in public education, finance, insurance, medicine, industry, railroads, churches, local government, and many other areas. In order for the people to achieve their objective, various processes were taken into consideration, which gave the need for direct democracy. Direct democracy is a form of democracy that allows people to vote on certain policies directly without engaging their representatives. This process entails passing decisions on various subjects mainly on executive decisions, and formulating new laws directly without consulting the Congress. There are two forms of democracy known as  participatory democracy or  deliberative democracy. California is one of the first states to implement and use direct democracy. However, many countries in the world use representative democracy whereby they are represented by the Congress or the House of Commons. In direct democracy, it does not replace but instead, it complements the Congress form of democracy. It only allows the popular and most important decision as to be decided by the public through processes such as the referendum. However, the Congress, government, and local administration make most of the other decisions. Moreover, direct democracy gives independence to the judiciary and th e executive arms of the government. It is based on the realistic option that the people are the best suited to handle the situations affecting them. It I s based on delegation and not direct representation. In this case, delegates are elected to make decisions on certain subject matter and cannot change previous decisions made by an assembly of the people. However, the delegates themselves can be immediately recalled by their electorate

How to Create a Successful Healthcare Policy and Get It Implemented Assignment

How to Create a Successful Healthcare Policy and Get It Implemented - Assignment Example In creating or reforming the health sector, creating health policies is just one of the process towards ensuring its effectiveness and efficiency in tackling peoples’ health care problems and challenges. The second step is assessing the availability of resources necessary in the implementation of the health care policy; this is an essential process because it allows for planning on ways of acquiring other resources that are critical to the success of the process. Resources include both human and non-human; it is important to ensure that successful implementation of the policy requires qualified personnel in the healthcare sector, sufficient funding and reliable infrastructure. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the policy is important in making necessary adjustments to ensure that set goals and objectives are met as stipulated in the policy. Stakeholders play an important role in the successful implementation of the health policy; they play an oversight role, guiding in the implementation of steps planned. Stakeholders are also important in creating resources needed for implementing the set goals and objectives in the policy; the source of funds, create partnerships with the government and other interested agencies. At the same time, they are essential in setting policy benchmarks as well as help in the process of creating human capital required in the successful implementation of the plan. Every policy is set with the aim of achieving its documented objectives, however, failure to stick to the plan as outlined in the process can contribute to its failure. It is expected that there will be collaboration and consultations in the implementation process. When these processes are not present, the policy is always bound to fail (Mason 2012), when there is no line of command and authority control, the implementation lacks direction and hence fails to achieve its set objectives.  Ã‚   In addition, when there is a lack of resources and commitment from the government and other stakeholders, policy creation and successful implementation is always destined for failure.     

Islamic finance RM Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Islamic finance RM - Coursework Example The unique consideration concerning credit risk in Islamic banking are current account is considered as more stable source of credit financing since it constitutes largest percentages of the finances. The five years maturity period of ijarah Sukuk is considered as the unstable fund since it takes long time for its maturity. Mudarabah, Musharakah, Qard and Ijarah are working together in the Islamic banks. Musharakah cannot perform its function without Mudarabah and it cannot work in the absence of Qard, therefore they are expected to work together. Oversight by board and management: IIFS is expected to possess a comprehensive risk management process which includes the senior management oversight for controlling the different types of credit risks. 3. Credit risk weighting for the Islamic finance institution can be explained as 400% risk weighted is applied in case of all commercial and private enterprises and 300% of risk weighted funds on Mudarabah basis for withdrawal by the investor during the short notice period. It is useful since it acts as a pledge of assets as collateral, it provides guarantee to the third party and leased assets. 1. The Rate of Return Risk mainly manages the maturities and re- pricing opportunities of the assets and liabilities of the banks. IIFS are mainly exposed to Rate of Return Risk associated with overall balance sheet exposures. It ensures that it can understand the characteristics of their balance sheet position and different currencies jurisdictions. IIFS adopts balance sheet techniques for minimizing the exposures using the strategy which includes determining the future profit ratio, developing new Shariah instrument, expectation for fulfilling the market condition and issuing securitization. Rate of Return Risk focuses on sensitive gap management for reducing the risk and minimizing the gap between maturities of

Natural gas industry n Mexico and South America - Outlook Case Study

Natural gas industry n Mexico and South America - Outlook - Case Study Example Energy Information Administration 1-57). This reserve of natural gas was valued at 688 trillion cubic feet. Mexico and South America are the major exporters of natural gas and mainly the United States imported natural gas from these regions. However, the United States has now developed its own reserve of natural gas and crude oil and thus, domestic production has become a substitute of its imports. Almost 80% of the total natural gas that is produced in the region of Mexico and South America is generally circulated to the neighboring nations in terms of exports and imports through pipelines (U.S. Energy Information Administration 1-57). The rest is traded domestically in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). With the increase in Shale gas in these regions, it is expected that exports of natural gas would increase. There are also propositions to expand the Panama Canal and this would help to distribute LNG efficiently. The easy availability of resources concerning hydrocarbons and the feasibility to use advanced technology has enable the increase in natural gas production. Investment by companies in natural gas has also increased. Countries which are more open to foreign investments and have less restrictions and regulation related to foreign taxes and business operations, invite and encourage more companies for investment (U.S. Energy Information Administration 1-57). Brazil in South America has an investment friendly environment for the foreign companies and Mexico is on the process of adopting energy policies that would encourage foreign investment. Massive investment in these regions has been made by China (Economides and Wood 1-13). The above figure shows the natural gas reserves and resources of the various regions of America. The area of interest in this study aims to throw light on the trends and pattern in Mexico and South America. Countries like Venezuela, Argentina, Colombia and Ecuador helps to

Business Execution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Execution - Essay Example Thus, execution is a key to organizational success. Without a careful, planned approach to execution, strategic goals cannot be attained. I believe that business execution is one of the cornerstones of a business organization's success. Business plans and strategies are useless unless they are executed. The realization of the company's goals is almost fully dependent on the execution of its plans. However, it should also be noted that execution in business is often tedious and complicated. For one, the plans being executed should always be modified in order to cope with the changes and developments in the environment. Execution is also a matter of coordinating everyone in the company to carry out their specific functions as planned. I would also like to stress that execution is only as good as the plan and strategy created. Even if the firm has been very good in putting its plan into action if the plan is not efficient, it will still be far from realizing its goals and objectives.

United States and Taiwan Unemployment Rates Essay Example for Free

United States and Taiwan Unemployment Rates Essay This paper aims to compare the unemployment trends of the United States (US) and Taiwan from 1980 to 2007, and briefly discuss the factors affecting the trends of each country. The 28-year time-series data presented are from the World Economic Outlook Database of the International Monetary Fund. Unemployment Trends of the US and Taiwan The figure below shows divergence in the US and Taiwan unemployment rates over the past 28 years. The US has a downward unemployment trend, while Taiwan unemployment rates moved in the opposite direction from low to high level unemployment Fig. 1. US and Taiwan Unemployment Rates, 1980 – 2007, World Economic Outlook Database October 2007. rate. In 1980, the US unemployment rate is about six times the unemployment rate of Taiwan, while in 2007, the gap narrowed to about 0. 8-percentage point. All through out the said period, the unemployment rates of Taiwan are lower than that of the US, except in 2001 where the rates almost equaled. Looking at the US trends during the 28-year period, the peak unemployment rates in 1982, 1992, and 2003 were associated with recessions. The US recession in the early 1980’s was the most severe during the said period. As the US economy started to recover after the first oil shock in 1973, the second oil crisis in 1979 resulted in another recession in early 1980s that moved further up the unemployment rate to 9. 7% in 1982, the highest rate during the 1980-2007 period. As the economy began to grow in 1983, the unemployment rate started to reverse its trend and reached a lower rate of 5. 3% in 1989. The downward unemployment trend could be seen as a product of the free labor markets and the smaller size of welfare packages (Vedder and Gallaway 1), the entry of the oldest members of the baby boom cohorts in mid-1960’s in the labor force at age 16 coupled with their increased labor force participation (Sincavage 36), and substantial contribution of self-employment (Manser and Picot 12-13). The recession in 1991 pinned the unemployment rate at 7. 5% in 1992. But the 1990’s expansion brought about a long-run downward unemployment trend. The unemployment rate dipped at 4% in 2000, the lowest rate over the 28-year period. Katz and Krueger attribute this downward trend to four labor market explanations. The first is the entry of the oldest baby boom cohorts in the labor force at age 16 in the 1990s. The second is the rising proportion of the population in prison during the 1990s. The third is the better matching between workers and jobs resulting from labor market improvements, such as the Worker Profile and Reemployment Services program required in each state and the temporary help service industry. And the fourth is the worker insecurity in demanding wage gains due to the steady decline in union membership. After the 2001 recession, the unemployment rate continued to increase since the economy slowly recovered. The unemployment rate peaked at 6% in 2003, the lowest peak during the 28-year period. Thereafter, the unemployment rates have slowly decreased to 4. 7% in 2007. Taiwan, on the other hand, had different unemployment pattern. It has two distinct peak unemployment rates in 1985, and 2002. Before 1980, Taiwan experienced a very low unemployment rate, owing to its strong labor-intensive manufacturing industries, such as clothing and textile (Wang 26). The two rounds of oil crises in 1970’s had not spared the country’s economic growth. In response, the government broadcasted its twelve major construction projects, which laid the basic infrastructure for the heavy chemical industries and partly averted the negative impact of the oil crises (â€Å"From Poverty†). However, the loss of the international competitiveness of the country’s labor-intensive industries due to rising labor costs in the 1980’s resulted in the exodus of most of these traditional industries to mainland China and Southeast Asia (Wang 27). This pushed up unemployment rate, reaching its first peak at 2. 9% in 1985. Compared with that of US, the impact on the unemployment rate is relatively lesser. After the 1980s and in the first half of the 1990s, Taiwan gradually developed its ICT industries and successfully transformed itself into a major manufacturer of international ICT products (27). This minimized the unemployment problem of the 1980s. However, after 1995, unemployment dramatically increased until it hit its peak at 5. 2% in 2002, the highest during the 28-year period. Wang ascribes this sharp upward trend to three reasons. First, the capital-intensive and high-technology industries pushed most labor-intensive industries to move production to mainland China and Southeast Asia where labor is cheaper. Second, the Southeast Asian overseas workers had continually contributed to the worsening unemployment problem. Third, the slump in worldwide demand for ICT products in early 2000s plunged Taiwan into its first recession in decades. It registered the first ever negative economic growth in 2001, driving unemployment rate at its highest level at 5. 2% in 2002. After 2003, the economy slowly returned to normal. The unemployment rate gradually declined until 3. 9% in 2007, although much higher than in the 1980s and 1990s. This can be partly attributed to the implementation of the government’s Infrastructure Expansion Programme and Programme to Expand Employment of Public Service in 2003 and 2004 (PricewaterhouseCoopers 215). Meanwhile, the East Asian financial crisis in 1997 had a relatively slight impact on Taiwan’s economy since its unemployment rate remained unchanged. The reasons for these included, among others, the excellent economic fundamentals with no foreign debt, and appropriate government countermeasures (â€Å"From Poverty†). Conclusion The US and Taiwan show contrasting unemployment trends. Although their unemployment rates are moving in opposite directions, Taiwan unemployment rates are still much lower than that of the US However, in the medium- to long-term, with the declining rate of the US unemployment, US might attain a lower unemployment rate similar to that of Taiwan, or even much lower. This could be a good subject for further research. The unemployment trends depend on the countries economic stability and ability to adopt appropriate measures in response to structural and exogenous changes. The downward trend of the US employment implies favorable response of the labor market to the measures being adopted. The efficient and effective measure with longer effects is the implementation of a better worker-job matching scheme at the state level. Taiwan, on the other hand, may need to design a scheme to minimize, if not to avoid, labor erosion as it continues to be one of the major global ICT leaders, thereby addressing the social and economic inequality problems. Works Cited â€Å"From Poverty to Prosperity. † Taiwan Government information Office. 1 March 2008 http://www.gio. gov. tw/info/taiwan-story/economy/edown/3-2. htm Katz, Lawrence F. , and Alan B. Krueger. â€Å"New Trend in Unemployment? The High-Pressure US Labor Market of the 1990s. † Brookings Review Fall (1999): 4-8. Manser, Marilyn E. , and Garnett Picot. â€Å"The Role of Self-Employment in US and Canadian Job Growth. † Monthly Labor Review April (1999): 10-25. PricewaterhouseCoopers. â€Å"Taiwan. † From Beijing to Budapest. 4th ed. 2005/2006. Sincavage, Jessica R. â€Å"The Labor Force and Unemployment: Three Generations of Change. † Monthly Labor Review June (2004): 34-41. Vedder, Richard K. , and Lowell E. Gallaway. â€Å"Unemployment and Jobs in International Perspective. † Joint Economic Committee Study April (1999). 1 March 2008 http://www. house. gov/jec/employ/intern. pdf Wang, Wei Ching. â€Å"Information Society and Inequality: Wage Polarization, Unemployment, and Occupation Transition in Taiwan since 1980†. UTIP Working Paper. Texas: Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas, 2007. World Economic Outlook Database. October 2007. International Monetary Fund. 28 February 2008 http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/02/weodata/index. aspx

Country Comparison of Ageing and Disability Policies

Country Comparison of Ageing and Disability Policies Similarities: All policies address fairness and equality without discrimination, harassment and victimization. All of them cover education, employment and public service. Both China and NZ address a specific act or law aim at disability, they cover and clarify more aspects such as welfare, culture, rehabilitation and environment. Differences: The Equality Act 2010 of UK replaces the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 addresses discrimination against age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, marriage and civil partnership and pregnancy, maternity. Services must provide fair and appropriate accommodations to comply with the law. Disability is one of the act, and the act focus on equality, mainly against the discrimination. The act specially mentions accessibility for disabled pupils and assistance dogs. The UK values the education condition of minor disabled persons, protects the right of using assistance dogs. The law in China does not use â€Å"long term† to define â€Å"Disabled persons†. We can find many â€Å"special† in the law, that shows the society still treat disability as a special group, the government and social organization show their sympathy to disability, offer assistance to them, state the equal rights. However, based on the institution, normal disabled persons are fostered by their legal fosterers whom usually are their parents, special assuranceà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ treatment and pension will be provided to those disabled persons while on duty or for protecting the interests of the State and people. China has the National Day of Assisting Disabled Persons to show the value of disabled persons. The New Zealand Disability Strategy addresses that what individuals have are impairments, disability is a social problem that one group of people create barriers by designing living ways. The strategy does not only prevent discrimination and offering assistance, but also encourage and support the disabled persons and their families, promoting participation. Similarities: All of the policies address positive aging without discrimination, harassment and victimization. All of them cover participation, pension, housing and public transport. Both China and NZ address a specific act or law aim at aging, they cover and clarify more aspects such as health, rural and opportunities. Both of them address the elderly is very important for the society and they can make huge contribution. Differences: The Equality Act 2010 of UK addresses discrimination against age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, marriage and civil partnership and pregnancy, maternity. Services must provide fair and appropriate accommodations to comply with the law. Age is one of the act, and the act focus on equality, mainly against the discrimination. The act specially mentions pension, it more focuses on funding while others quality of life in the community. The law in China defines the age group which is above the age of 60. The governments use the community publicity and education to establish the social values of respecting the elderly. The governments award who have scored outstanding achievements in respecting the elderly. The governments mainly rely the elderly’s family to provide for the elderly. China has done well on enriching the elderly’s cultural life by encouraging non-governmental organization organizes cultural, sports and recreational activities of a mass character. Free or discount of public transport is not a compulsive requirement in this law, it is in light of local condition to supply. The New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy promote supporting older people to age in place and have a good quality of life in the community. Guide government agencies to provide services for older people. It involves a wide range of individuals, groups and organisations, and the strategy is keep on developing. The governments modify and improve the strategy frequently to suit new circumstance. The strategy covers the most wide field of all the three acts or laws. Similarities: All service delivery policies address fairness and equality without discrimination, removing or minimizing disadvantages, fostering good relations and promoting understanding. All service delivery policies involve central governments, local governments and educational bodies. Both UK and NZ address the advance of opportunity, their service delivery policies also involve private agencies, hospitals and health services. Differences: UK involves armed forces and police in the service delivery. China does not involve the private agencies in the service delivery because of the institution. China only plans to establish medical rehabilitation departments in hospitals to help disabled persons to rehabilitate. Chinese governments, departments and CDPF rarely supply practical help, their assistance stay at very low levels such as contacts, representing and consultation. Most key services should be paid by the disabled persons. NZ’ services provided by district health boards, GPs and other agencies. And the authority of decision-making is wide span. territorial authorities and non-departmental public bodies are involved to make service delivery policies, it helps to improve the service delivery polices. The New Zealand Disability Strategy will be full reviewed after five and ten years to develop. Similarities: All service delivery policies address fairness and equality without discrimination, removing or minimizing disadvantages, all of them include voluntary service and pension schemes. All service delivery policies involve central governments, local governments, educational bodies, public hospitals and private facilities. Both China and NZ emphasize to increase opportunities of the elderly for their community participation and growth. Both of them value the cultural and spiritual life of the elderly and mainly rely non-governmental organization to achieve. Both UK and NZ have complete public medical security, funds government and community agencies to provide services for older people. Differences: Based on the condition, China only provides basic public medical security. The main pressure of the elderly’s health security is put on their family. The governments encourage that non-governmental organization provides variety of activities, and NGOs did, but mainly concentrates in urban areas, the service delivery in rural parts is poor. Most of services only consider the elderly’s demand, ignore young generation’s feeling, it begins to cause conflicts between some older persons and some young persons. The quality of elderly healthcare is irregular in China, there is no uniform standard and lack of monitor. The law always address in light of local condition. The governmental organization in China protecting the elderly’s rights is neighbourhood committees in city, villagers committees in rural areas NZ’ government funds community agencies to provide services for older people, the service delivery policy has clear key actions and standards, has strict third-party supervision to ensure the service delivery quality. There are specialized organizations such as age concern and Elder Abuse and Neglect Prevention Services to help older persons. The strategy is reviewed frequently and is developed as well. That’s why the elderly and young generation can participate activities at the same time and get along so well. Zhen Chen

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley :: Papers

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley In my English class I have been reading the play 'An Inspector Calls'! The play is about a fairly well-off family (the Birling's) who have their evening spoilt by having an inspector call round, to ask them questions about a girl, Eva Smith, who drank some disinfectant to kill herself. I am going to start my comparisons with the head of the house-hold, Arthur Birling. Arthur Birling is a selfish, arrogant, family man who doesn't know the meaning of the word responsibility. The play starts off with the family sat around the dining table, toasting to the daughter, Sheila's, engagement to Gerald Croft. While the girls (Sheila and her mother, Sybil) trail off to the drawing room, Arthur decides to teach Gerald something about responsibility; 'A man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own' He also has a fairly good reason as to why he thinks like this, and he tells so to the inspector; 'If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody we'd had anything to do with, it would be very awkward, wouldn't it?' When Arthur doesn't know the full story as to why the inspector has arrived, he tries to use his importance to get his way. He threatens the inspector with the following phrase; 'I've half a mind to report youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ perhaps I ought to warn you thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ our chief constableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he's an old friend of mine, and that I see him fairly often' Arthur doesn't react at all to the death of Eva, and he acts as though 'such is life'. When the inspector leaves towards the end of the play, Arthur tries to think of all sorts of idea's to prove that the man wasn't an inspector at all, - proving that Arthur didn't change at all in reaction to the death of one of his former employees. Sybil Birling is Arthur's wife. She is very like her husband in being selfish, and is very unrepentant. Sybil finds out that she had

The Reagen and Bush Presidencies Essay -- Comapre Contrast Comparison

INTRODUCTION It is widely accepted that George Bush Snr. was forced to play out his presidency in the mighty shadow of Ronald Reagan. Reagan's charm and personality was one of his greatest strengths and, even now, is widely revered for his time as President. Bush was reportedly always conscious of people's expectations of him in view of his predecessor and this burden seemed to weigh heavily. Reagan's achievements in Washington were considerable, if not in number then in impact. His political and strategic skills were impressive and Bush cannot be said to have equalled his achievements at home, and this is borne out by Bush's failure to win re-election. Nevertheless Bush made some staggeringly important contributions to the international arena and is deeply respected for his part in world events where there is every reason to suspect that Reagan would not have been. The huge differences between the two are even more interesting given that Bush was a dutiful Vice President to Reagan for eight years and sought on gaining office only to take over where he left off. Bush did not set out to ring the changes between Reagan and himself; quite the opposite. He purported to be the archetypal guardian president; consolidating Reagan's good work and continuing to steer America on the same path. So why then did they turn out to be such almost polar opposites? This essay explores the realms of domestic politics, vision and leadership and international issues with the focus on drawing comparison between the two men and their styles of leadership and analysing in each instance who may have been the more effective president. I will conclude that, regardless of actual achievements real success in presidential terms depends on successful handling of the media, an area Reagan understood and Bush never would. IMAGE, PERSONALITY, AND MEDIA RELATIONS It is almost universally agreed that Ronald Reagan's greatest strength, certainly early in his first term and arguably until he left office was his ability to communicate with the American people. He won the presidency not only on his package of radical reforms at a time when the current policy orthodoxies had failed the Americans (along with most of the rest of the western world), but on his winsome personality, his awesome eloquence and his considerable charisma. A direct comparison with Margaret Thatcher can ... ...symbolism than the vast disconnect between what people close to Bush perceive about the man and what much of the public ultimately believed" Reagan, on the other hand, is remembered not only for his reforms in policy, but overwhelmingly for the connection he managed to achieve with the American voting public. This not only secures him a place in fond memory but was ultimately what allowed him to achieve that which he did whilst in office; "In the modern era, the presidential image is tantamount to reality" . Where Bush might easily have been the better President given the requisite media talents and a little more political sophistication, in fact Reagan came out of his term of office the more successful of the two. BIBLIOGRAPHY Â · Kellerman, B., 'The Political Presidency', Ch. 11; (1984) Â · Light, P., 'The President's Agenda' Chs. 10, 11, 12; (1999) Â · Mervin, D., 'George Bush and the Guardianship Presidency', Chs. 2, 9; (1996) Â · Rose, R., 'The Post-Modern Presidency', Ch. 15; (1991) Â · Rozell, M. J., 'In Reagan's Shadow: Bush's Antirhetorical Presidency', Presidential Studies Quarterly; (Winter 1998) Â · Wildavsky, A., 'The Beleaguered Presidency', ch. 12; (1994)

rail road expansion :: essays research papers

Following the civil war, railroad construction took off at a fast pace. In the twenty-five years between 1865 and 1890, the miles of railroad track in the United States went from 35,000 to 200,000. The enormous increase in track produced an increase in America's economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The farming economy was greatly helped by the expansion of the railroad system. The railroad became one of the main and most efficient ways to transport farmers produce. This was especially helpful to farms in remote locations. The expanded railroad system enabled farmers to produce more crops because of the greater potential shipping locations that became available. This also made products such as corn and grain available to locations that the crop wasn't produced in. It made things that used to be a luxury to some regions a common item to have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The increasing railroad was also beneficial to cities economies that had tracks running through them. It helped the city import and export goods, which helped produce and ship better products in a timelier manner to a larger amount of people and businesses. More potential customers lead to larger factories and companies, which lead to more jobs being available to people. These cities also generated more people coming in by train. It provided people with a time efficient way to travel to visit family and take trips. In a way, the railroad system made the United States seem a lot smaller than it was previous to the civil war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another way the railroad system changed America was the way people went about their daily life in general. Before arrival and departure times of trains, the concept of time wasn't as important. Afterwards, however, people became accustomed to picking things up, meeting people, or getting on trains at certain times. As distance became less important, time became more important. It is this concept of time that has carried over to the time we presently live in. We are oriented around times and dates, from airline departures and arrivals to work schedules to social events. We no longer view the world as a big place that takes a long time to get from one place to another, but what time we will be there. People today are able to take more trips for fun to see friends and relatives that live away more often because of the quick traveling options we now have. This was not possible in the past.

Speech: Adolescence and Higher Risk

The amount of teenages getting pregnant around the age of 15-17 is quite concerning . Although most Teenage Pregnancies are unintentional . It still means there are chances of them becoming pregnant. At the same time,Teenage Pregnancies associate with social issues. Finally they come to a time when they need help and support. Well , My name is Taylah and by now you should know my speech will be about Teenage Pregnancy. Firstly most teenage pregnancies are unintentional.Women of all age may have unintended pregnancies , but some groups , such as teens are at a higher risk. A lot of teenagers who become pregnant sometimes wish they weren't . This happens because they either dont want to be parents or they know it's not the right time. By the time they find out they are pregnant they start stressing out because it was never meant to happen and also because they dont want thier parents to know or to find out. Teenage Pregnancies associate with social issues , such as lower educational le vels and higher rates of Poverty.This happens because when they are pregnant they drop out of shcool and just worry about their baby. Although they are unemployed they go on a benefit which is when money is given by the goverment. Why do the young mums still lead a poor life inspite of money given by the goverment ? Well , they lead poor life because they dont think about the future , instead they spend all their money on their child. They don't save up any money and they keep buying things for themselves and their child. Finally they come to a time when they need help and support with their child.They need support with their child so they live a happy life and they need support from their family so that they dint get stressed out and start abusing their baby,and they also need help with buying the right items such as nappies ,food,clothes e. t. c. In conclusion,Teenage Pregnancy need to decrease as it is making NZ look very bad because the rate of Teenage Pregnancy is the highest i n NZ as compared to other countries in the world. In the end I would like to say that teenagers should stay in school and study so that they have a brighter future and can give a very dignified life to their families.

Biography of Galileo Galilei Essay

Galileo Galilei, a world-renowned physicist, was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564. He was the oldest of seven children. His father was a musician and wool trader, who wanted his son to study medicine as there was more money in medicine. At age eleven, Galileo was sent off to study in a Jesuit monastery. After four years, Galileo had announced to his father that he wanted to be a monk. This was not exactly what father had in mind, so Galileo was hastily withdrawn from the monastery. In 1581, at the age of 17, he entered the University of Pisa to study medicine, as his father wished but never completed it because of his keen interest in mathematics and philosophy. At age twenty, Galileo noticed a lamp swinging overhead while he was in a cathedral. Curious to find out how long it took the lamp to swing back and forth, he used his pulse to time large and small swings. Galileo discovered something that no one else had ever realized, which was the period of each swing was exactly the same. The law of the pendulum, which would eventually be used to regulate clocks, made Galileo Galilei instantly famous. In 1592, he was appointed to the position of a mathematician at the University of Padua and it was during his time, he began his work on the telescope. While in Padua, he met Marina Gamba and in 1600 their daughter Virginia was born. In 1601 they had another daughter Livia and in 1606 a son Vincenzo. Galileo’s research was specialized in the motion of inclined planes, motion of the pendulum and the motion of freely falling bodies. He is known for his breakthrough discoveries and also his controversial beliefs which allowed for a more modern and practical science. Galileo was the first person to direct a refractive telescope out into the night sky and he decided to study the Moon. One of his largest discoveries was that there were four moons orbiting Jupiter. Another one of Galileo’s observations through his telescope was that the planet Venus went through phase changes similar to our Moon. Galileo had noticed that the observable size of Venus as seen through his telescope is related to the position of the planet relative to the Sun. This observation had pushed Galileo to believe that the Earth and other planets had to revolve around the Sun or it would not be feasible for Venus to have a phase change. This is known as the Copernican System. For Galileo Galilei, saying that the Earth went around the Sun changed everything since he was contradicting the teachings of the Church. While some of the Church’s mathematicians wrote that his observations were clearly correct, many members of the Church believed that he must be wrong and accused him of committing â€Å"heresy†, which was a very serious matter. However, Galileo was found innocent of all charges but was cautioned not to teach the Copernican System. In 1634, while Galileo was under house arrest, his daughter, Virginia died. At this time he began work on his final book, Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations concerning Two New Sciences. This book was smuggled out of Italy and published in Holland. Galileo died early in 1642. Due to his conviction, he was buried obscurely in 1737.

Argument Against Universal Health Care in the Us Essay

Argument Against Universal Health Care in the Us BY shaker71493 Jacob Nieuwenhuis Contemporary Issues MSR 10 March 2010 Universal Health Care in the United States â€Å"Of all tyrannies, a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. It would be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent moral busybodies. The robber baron’s cruelty may sometimes sleep. His cupidity may at some time point be satisfied; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end for they do so with the approval of their own conscience. † -C. S. Lewis (1898 – 1963) The issue of universal health care taking over the present health care system has become a heated topic all over America. With President Obama’s promise to pass a bill that will give government coverage to all Americans, most people were happy that health care would become more affordable for them. But is this the case? There has been a stiff opposition to the passing of any bill of this kind throughout the entire process, but the longer a bill stays in circulation the more time people have to form an opinion on the issue. With the law in effect now the issue now turns to if this will e better off for America in the long run, and if there is any good to such a system. History has a lot to say about socialized medicine. There have been many countries, not only socialistic countries which have used a public method of offering medicine. A few of these countries are Great Britain, Canada, France, Australia, and also the European system. These systems will be analyzed from their ro ots up in order to see whether they were successes or failures. The National Health Service (NHS) of Great Britain, which was created on July 5, 1948, is the world’s largest publicly funded health service ever. As can be seen on the diagram, the NHS is divided into two sections: primary and secondary care. Primary care is the first point of contact for most people and is delivered by a wide range of independent service providers, including general practitioners, dentists, pharmacists and optometrists. Secondary care is known as acute healthcare and can be either elective care or emergency care. Elective care means planned specialist medical care or surgery, usually following referral from a primary or community health professional such as a general practitioner. In this system there are a lot of different trusts (refer to iagram). These trusts are where the money is sent for certain types of care. The main trusts are the Primary care trusts. Primary care trusts (PCTs) are in charge of primary care and have a major role around commissioning secondary care, providing community care services. They are the main core to the NHS and control 80% of the NHS budget. Green, did a report on the effects of preventive care in Great Britain for diseases such as circulatory disease and cancer. His main focus was on the circulatory system and the conclusion of his reports states that: â€Å"The main findings can be summarized as follows. The I-JK has a poor record of preventing death from diseases of the circulatory system. After allowing for the different age structure of each country in the European Union, the I-JK death rate from circulatory diseases for persons aged less than 65 was ranked thirteenth out of the 15 countries studied. † There are many negative aspects of the NHS. There are stunning reports of people who didn’t get care, or who waited for months in order to get prevented care. One example of a terrible thing that happened recently in Great Britain was a cancer patient who had to wait for 62 weeks before starting treatment. Patients were outraged by this. They said that for some cancer patients with slow growing tumors could wait that long but that it is atrocious that someone would have to wait that long to receive any type of care at all. It was compared side by side with a case from 20 years earlier, when Heather Goodare was diagnosed with the same problem and eceived treatment within two weeks after first being diagnosed. The European system has run into a lot of obstacles over the years, mostly financial. There is currently a 5 percent to 8 percent increase in expenses per year in real terms, resulting in enormous deficits and even greater problems when the rate of unemployment rises. When employment rates improve, the deficits are eased because more taxes come in to pay for care. But as soon as employment falls again (which is common everywhere right about now), deficits come back. A common method used for getting over this deficit is rationing care and restricting use of high ost preventive cares such as CAT scans. Sometimes this is only towards people who meet a certain criteria, e. g. the elderly. This can only be bad for the consumer. Michael Tanner sums this up nicely in his article condemning socialized medicine in the U. S. : â€Å"The Europeans have run into a very simple economic rule. If something is for it. Think of it this way: if food were free, would you eat hamburger or steak? At the same time, health care is a finite good. There are only so many doctors, so many hospital beds and so much technology. If people over consume those resources, it drives up the cost of health care. â€Å" All the countries in Europe have this health care system. There are, however, three countries in Europe that allow their citizens to opt out of the official system and to take with a tax credit for the money they paid to the official system, to purchase private insurance in the health market. These countries are Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. In those countries, citizens do not have to pay twice in order to acquire private health insurance. The systems of these three countries are important in that they may point the way to a solution for the current financial problems Western health care systems are experiencing. This private plan is more expensive but reachable for at least a third of the population. For the most part, people in Europe are happy with the health care they receive. In the Netherlands there is a basic plan that everyone can buy (it is not a government mandate). This covers things such as broken limbs, emergency room visits Oust the visit), and seeing general practitioners. On top of this, a person may buy whatever â€Å"premium add-ons they want. An example of an add-on is dental and orthodontic care. With this add-on all the people in the household of the insurance buyer receive ull dental care as well as braces for all the children of the family. Trudy Rubin, who is a Philadelphia Inquirer opinion columnist, says that the United States is not learning valuable lessons from the European system of healthcare. She addresses the three myths that she thinks are thought to be believed as fact. She takes these myths from an excerpt from T. R. Reid. The three myths are as follows: à ¢â‚¬Å"Myth No. 1, he says, is that foreign systems with universal coverage are all â€Å"socialized medicine. † In countries such as France, Germany, Switzerland, and Japan, the coverage is universal while doctors and insurers are private. Individuals get their insurance through their workplace, sharing the premium with their employer as we do – and the government picks up the premium if they lose their Job. Myth No. 2, which is long waits and rationed care – is another whopper. â€Å"In many developed countries,† Reid writes, â€Å"people have quicker access to care and more choice than Americans do. † In France, Germany, and Japan, you can pick any provider or hospital in the country. Care is speedy and high quality, and no one is turned down. Myth No. 3 really grabs my attention: the delusion that countries with universal care â€Å"are wasteful systems run y bloated bureaucracies. † In fact, the opposite is true. America’s for-profit health insurance companies have the highest administrative costs of any developed country. Twenty percent or more of every premium dollar goes to nonmedical costs: paperwork, marketing, profits, etc. â€Å"If a profit is to be made, you need a n army of underwriters to deny claims and turn down sick people,† says Reid. † Canada is another place where health care is run by the government. This came into effect when the parliament unanimously passed the Canadian Health Act in system. Under this law, provinces must ensure that their health care systems respect ive criteria: The first is public administration. This means that the health insurance plans must be administered by a public authority who is accountable to the government. The second is comprehensive benefit. The plan must cover all medically necessary services prescribed by physicians and provided by hospitals. The third is universality. This means all legal residents of the province must be covered. The fourth criterion is portability. Under this, residents continue to be covered if they move or travel from one province to another. And the final criterion is accessibility. This means that services must be made available to all residents on equal terms, regardless of income, age, or ability to pay. The process which a patient goes through to receive health care is very simple. When a person goes to a doctor for any kind of medical treatment they have to present what is called a provincial health card. This is a credit card-looking piece of plastic that lets your physician know you are a legal user of the system